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Synopsis of Tom Comitta's Memorandum from
the Sept. 27, 2006 Height Workshop

On September 27, town planner Tom Comitta hosted a four-hour meeting at the request of Borough Council to gather ideas about ways that the Borough's height ordinance might be modified. More than one hundred people attended and 68 completed surveys. Afterwards, Comitta's firm tabulated the results for Borough Council, and the Borough manager passed the results on to participants who left their email addresses at the meeting. [Note: a paper copy is available for public inspection at Borough Hall.] WCJIM was one of them, so he received a copy of the 12-page report. In an effort to make it more accessible, he offers this summary.

The first part of the survey asked people to express their "visual preference" for various architectural styles and features by making a side-by-side comparison of six pairs of Borough buildings. Participants made their choices and got to add written comments.

Overwhelmingly (62-3, plus 3 who did not respond), the respondents preferred buildings that looked at least somewhat "historic" (left) to buildings that look like they belong in a strip mall. Two of the
buildings evaluated by participants at the September 27, 2006
height workshop
By a 48-14 margin, respondents preferred the building on the right. Their commens indicated that they prefer tall buildings to be less massive, less "blocky," composed of a variety of architectural elements, and adapted to fit in with neighboring buildings. Two of the
buildings evaluated by participants at the September 27, 2006
height workshop
By a 59-8 vote, respondents preferred a tall building that looks "old" (the F&M Building, left) to one that looks new. Two of the
buildings evaluated by participants at the September 27, 2006
height workshop
Respondents preferred a streetscape lined with 3 and 4-story buildings (100-block of W. Market Street, left) to one with large open spaces (300-block of W. Market) by a vote of 61-2. Two of the
buildings evaluated by participants at the September 27, 2006
height workshop
Regarding parking garages, respondents preferred the Bicentennial Garage (right) to the County's Justice Center Garage by a vote of 59-5 because it blends in better, is smaller, and is not as big, bulky or tall. Two of the
buildings evaluated by participants at the September 27, 2006
height workshop
The only question that produced no clear favorite was one that concerned the appearance of buildings along alleys. Comitta asked respondents to chose between the new MacElree-Harvey tower in Wilmot Mews (left) and the Green Tree Building (constructed in 1931). Participants chose the newer building by a vote of 35-18 (with fifteen people casting no vote), but several comments ("could be a toss up" and "both are ugly but this is less so") indicated a lack of enthusiasm for the winner. Two of the
buildings evaluated by participants at the September 27, 2006
height workshop
The second part of the survey asked participants to consider conditions that Boough Council might impose on the developers of tall building designs. The current ordinance requires that tall buildings (i.e. those above above forty-five feet) meet a number of standards including "fenestration" (i.e. window size, placement and orientation), lighting, parking, the appearance of the lowest 45' of the wall facing the street, setbacks on the upper story to reduce the "blockiness" of the building's look, signage, "pedestrian amenities," and the effect of the building's shadow on neighboring properties. In addition, the first floor must be used for retail commercial purposes (except funeral homes). [See Chapter 112-33.1 of the Borough Zoning Code for complete details.]

Comitta offered some suggestions for additional criteria and asked participants to weight them from very important (+3) to very unimportant (-3). Then Comitta asked the audience for suggestions for additional criteria and had the group weight them as well. Here is the complete list of criteria and the way they were weighted by the participants:

Criteria proposed by Tom Comitta
Weights = +3 +2 +1 0 -1 -2 -3 Left blank Weighted total
Architectural Design Guidelines 34 20 8 2 2 0 1 0 145
Green Architecture Guidelines 31 11 12 8 2 3 0 0 119
Historic District Design Guidelines 28 13 14 7 1 0 1 3 120
Fiscal Viability Requirements 25 12 20 7 1 1 0 1 116
Traffic Impact Mitigation Requirements 23 26 9 5 3 1 0 0 125
Streetscape Requirements 35 17 12 2 1 0 0 0 150
Criteria proposed by workshop participants
Weights = +3 +2 +1 0 -1 -2 -3 Left blank Weighted total
Skyline Aesthetics 10 16 14 7 2 1 1 16 69
Rooftop Mechanicals 7 15 15 4 2 1 2 21 56
Change of Use 10 11 13 7 0 1 3 22 54
Public Works Infrastructure 18 12 6 7 0 1 4 19 70
Public Art 3 6 10 16 1 2 6 23 8
Neighborhood Context 9 15 9 7 0 1 1 25 61
Pedestrian continuity 7 17 7 5 1 0 1 29 58
Relationship to Park System 5 10 15 5 0 0 2 30 44
Community Landscaping 9 9 12 3 0 0 2 32 51

The last column ("Weighted") shows the results of multiplying each point rating times the number of people who chose it, and adding them all together for each type of criterium. It is one way to show what most people thought was the most important criteria. Sorting the criteria by their calculated weights, it appears that "Streetscape Requirements" and "Architectural Design Guidelines" were the most popular criteria, with the requirement to mitigate the traffic impact a distant third. When evaluating these numbers, however, keep in mind that some of the criteria were introduced shortly before people made their choices and that despite Comitta's efforts to clarify them, it was not clear that everyone in the group understood them in the same way. Despite that, it is significant that criteria related to a building's appearance outpolled criteria related to its economic impact.

The third part of the survey asked the participants whether all criteria should apply equally to buildings no matter what height limit was selected. Comitta offered a range of possible maximum heights descending from the current 180 feet, and asked participants to indicate what criteria should be used to evaluate proposals for buildings at each height. The results appear below, and show that (as Comitta noted in his report), "Enhancing Architectural Design" was most important and "Providing Adequate Parking" was second.

Maximum Height Option
Town Ctr/East side
Economic
Development
Historic
Preservation
Architectural
Design
Streetscape
Design
Adequate
Parking
Traffic
Congestion
Location Left Blank Total Votes
136-180 feet 28 15 19 17 28 4 11 26 148
126-135 feet 28 16 26 19 31 6 11 22 159
91-125 feet 32 19 31 23 31 10 9 14 169
Total (tallest 3) 88 50 76 59 90 20 31 62 n/a
 
76-90 feet 26 27 27 27 28 8 9 15 167
46-75 feet 22 35 34 33 22 7 2 11 166
up to 45 feet 19 41 33 37 19 8 1 11 169
Total (lowest 3) 67 103 94 97 69 23 12 37 n/a
 
Total (all categories) 155 153 170 156 159 43 43 99 n/a

Comitta's report also noted differences between the proposals for higher limits and those for lower limits. In brief, participants at the workshop thought that Economic Development, Architectural Design and Adequate Parking were more important if the height limit was higher, while Streetscape Design, Historic Preservation (and Architectural Design) were more important if the maximum height limit was set lower. Comitta also grappled with how to evaluate the relatively large number of "no votes" (i.e. "left blank") and concluded that a blank for a lower height limit meant that no new standards were needed, while a blank for a higher limit meant that no new standards should be considered.

The fourth and final part of the survey asked the workshop participants to weight various proposals to alter the existing height limits. Comitta offered a list that included keeping things the way they are (45' maximum height, plus the option to go to 180' in the Town Center and to 90' east of the Town Center), allowing higher buildings east of town center, and reducing the height options by varying amounts. People were encouraged to add comments to their surveys, and eleven people did, suggesting additional alternatives, of which five provided or taller buildings east of Town Center than in the Town Center itself. The results appear below. (Note: Comitta's report presents these results in the form of percentages. WCJIM converted them to "votes," based on 68 total surveys submitted, to make this part consistent with the second part of the survey.)

Recommended
maximum height
3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 Left blank Weighted
180/90 (no change) 12 4 5 5 2 2 35 4 -62
135/70 17 4 6 6 2 3 29 2 -30
125/60 7 9 2 11 6 7 23 4 -48
90/75 7 3 5 11 6 8 22 7 -56
90/180 4 5 10 10 8 2 26 4 -58
75/75 4 5 8 12 6 2 27 5 -61
45/45 5 1 3 7 2 4 42 5 -116

Once again, the "weighted" number was calculated by mulltiplying each point rating times the number of people who chose it, and adding them all together for each height limit proposal. Since all of the "weighted" numbers are negative, the larger the number, the less support it had. These results show that prohibiting all construction above 45' in height was the least popular option, following by leaving things the way they are now. Opinion was fairly evening split on what the maximum height should be, but there was clearly support for lowering it, while allowing some taller buildings to be constructed.


Since the workshop that produced the numbers on which this report is based, Borough Council members have hosted two more public meetings to gather input (at the Nazarene Church on Oct. 11 and the YMCA on Oct. 16), and they have another one scheduled at the YMCA on Oct. 25. Once data from those meetings has been collected and presented to Council, they will begin the formal process of considering whether to revise the height ordinance. That will be discussed at least twice by the Planning Commission, once in Council's Planning Zoning Business & Industrial Development (PZBID) Committee, twice at full Borough Council sessions (to propose an ordinance), and finally at another Borough Council meeting when they hold a public hearing on the ordinance proposal. So expect there to be more discussion of the question of how high buildings should go in the Borough, and stay tuned for WCJIM for meeting agendas and news updates.

UPDATE: A number of the ideas discussed in this article coalesced into two proposals by December 2006. Read about them.


 

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